Introduction
Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that helps nerve cells communicate with each other. It plays a role in many important functions, including mood, sleep, appetite, and digestion.
Serotonin syndrome can happen when you take medications that increase serotonin levels. It can also occur if you take certain illegal drugs, such as ecstasy or LSD. In rare cases, serotonin syndrome can be caused by taking herbal supplements.
What Causes Serotonin Syndrome?
Serotonin syndrome is most often caused by taking more than one medication that increases serotonin levels. It can also happen if you start taking a new medication that increases serotonin levels or if you increase the dose of a medication you are already taking.
Some of the medications that can cause serotonin syndrome include:
- Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Certain pain medications, such as tramadol and fentanyl
- Certain migraine medications, such as triptans
- Certain anti-nausea medications, such as ondansetron
- Certain cough and cold medications, such as dextromethorphan
What Are The Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome?
The symptoms of serotonin syndrome can range from mild to severe. They usually appear within hours of taking a medication that increases serotonin levels.
Mild symptoms of serotonin syndrome may include:
- Agitation
- Restlessness
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Shivering
- Sweating
- Fast heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
Severe symptoms of serotonin syndrome may include:
- High fever
- Seizures
- Irregular heartbeat
- Unconsciousness
How Is Serotonin Syndrome Treated?
Serotonin syndrome is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. If you think you or someone you know may have serotonin syndrome, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
The treatment for serotonin syndrome depends on the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases may only require supportive care, such as fluids and rest. More severe cases may require hospitalization and treatment with medications to lower serotonin levels.
