Introduction
Arthroscopic knee surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat a variety of knee problems. Unlike traditional open surgery, which involves a large incision, arthroscopy uses a small camera called an arthroscope. The arthroscope is inserted through a small incision in the knee. This allows the surgeon to view the inside of the knee joint on a monitor and perform the necessary repairs.
Arthroscopic knee surgery is often performed as an outpatient procedure, meaning you can go home the same day. It is a relatively safe and effective procedure with a shorter recovery time compared to open surgery. This article will provide valuable insights into what you can expect from arthroscopic knee surgery, guiding you through the process from preparation to recovery.
Why is Arthroscopic Knee Surgery Performed?
Arthroscopy can address a wide range of knee conditions, including:
- Repairing torn meniscus: The meniscus acts as a shock absorber in the knee joint. Tears can occur during sports or other activities that put stress on the knee.
- Removing loose cartilage or bone fragments: Injury or conditions like osteoarthritis can cause cartilage or bone fragments to break loose and interfere with knee joint movement.
- Reconstructing torn ligaments: Ligaments are crucial for stabilizing the knee joint. Arthroscopy can help repair or reconstruct torn ligaments, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
- Treating patella problems: The patella, or kneecap, can sometimes slip out of place or become misaligned. Arthroscopy can address these issues.
- Diagnosing knee problems: In some cases, arthroscopy is used to diagnose the cause of knee pain or swelling when other imaging tests are inconclusive.
Preparing for Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
Before your surgery, you will have a consultation with your surgeon. They will assess your medical history, conduct a physical exam, and may order imaging tests such as an X-ray or MRI. During this consultation:
- Discuss your medical history: Inform your surgeon about any pre-existing medical conditions, allergies, or medications you are currently taking.
- Ask questions: Prepare a list of questions and clarify any doubts or concerns you have regarding the procedure, risks, or recovery.
Your surgeon will provide specific instructions on how to prepare for your surgery. This may include:
- Fasting: You will be asked to refrain from eating or drinking anything for a certain period before the surgery.
- Medications: Inform your surgeon about all medications you are taking. They will advise you on whether to continue or adjust any medications before the procedure.
- Arranging for transportation and support: As you will be unable to drive after the surgery, arrange for someone to drive you home from the hospital or surgery center.
What to Expect During Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
On the day of your surgery, you will be admitted to the hospital or surgery center. You will change into a gown, and an IV line will be inserted to administer fluids and medications.
During the procedure:
- Anesthesia: You will receive either general anesthesia, which puts you to sleep, or local anesthesia, which numbs the knee area.
- Incisions: The surgeon will make a few small incisions around your knee.
- Arthroscope insertion: The arthroscope, a thin tube with a camera, is inserted through one of the incisions.
- Diagnosis and repair: The surgeon will examine the inside of your knee joint and perform the necessary repairs using specialized instruments inserted through the other incisions.
- Closure: Once the procedure is complete, the incisions are closed with sutures or sterile strips, and your knee will be bandaged.
Recovery After Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
After surgery, you will be moved to a recovery area where you will be monitored. Most patients can go home the same day, although some may need to stay overnight.
Pain management: You will experience some pain and swelling after the surgery. Your doctor will prescribe pain medication to manage discomfort.
Physical therapy: Your doctor will refer you to a physical therapist who will guide you through exercises to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion in your knee.
Follow-up appointments: You will have follow-up appointments with your surgeon to monitor your progress and address any concerns.
