Introduction
Achilles tendinitis is a common injury that causes pain and inflammation in the Achilles tendon, a strong, fibrous cord that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body, and it plays an important role in walking, running, and jumping.
Achilles tendinitis is often caused by overuse or repetitive strain on the tendon. It can also be caused by sudden increases in activity, tight calf muscles, improper footwear, and bone spurs. Symptoms of Achilles tendinitis include pain, stiffness, and tenderness along the back of the heel and ankle.
What Causes Achilles Tendinitis?
There are many factors that can contribute to the development of Achilles tendinitis, including:
- Overuse: Repetitive strain on the Achilles tendon, from activities such as running, jumping, and dancing, can cause inflammation and microtears in the tendon fibers.
- Sudden increases in activity: Rapidly increasing the intensity, duration, or frequency of exercise can overload the Achilles tendon.
- Tight calf muscles: Tight calf muscles increase the stress on the Achilles tendon, making it more susceptible to injury.
- Improper footwear: Shoes that lack support or have a high heel can put extra strain on the Achilles tendon.
- Bone spurs: Bony growths on the heel bone can rub against the Achilles tendon, causing irritation and inflammation.
Symptoms of Achilles Tendinitis
The most common symptom of Achilles tendinitis is pain along the back of the heel and ankle. The pain may be worse in the morning or after activity. Other symptoms include:
- Stiffness: The Achilles tendon may feel stiff and difficult to move.
- Tenderness: The Achilles tendon may be tender to the touch.
- Swelling: There may be swelling around the Achilles tendon.
- Thickening of the tendon: The Achilles tendon may feel thicker than normal.
Treatment for Achilles Tendinitis
Treatment for Achilles tendinitis typically involves a combination of rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). Other treatments include:
- Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can help to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Physical therapy: A physical therapist can teach you exercises to stretch and strengthen the calf muscles and Achilles tendon.
- Orthotics: Shoe inserts, called orthotics, can help to support the arch of the foot and reduce stress on the Achilles tendon.
- Immobilization: In some cases, a cast or walking boot may be necessary to immobilize the ankle and allow the Achilles tendon to heal.
- Surgery: Surgery is rarely necessary for Achilles tendinitis, but it may be an option if other treatments are unsuccessful.
